1. Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941) – The surprise Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, led to the United States’ entry into World War II. The attack caused significant losses but galvanized American resolve to join the fight against the Axis Powers.
   • Monument: The USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor commemorates the lives lost and marks the site of the sunken battleship USS Arizona.

https;//www.nationalww2museum.org/war/topics/pearl-harbor-december-7-1941

1. Battle of Midway (1942) – A crucial naval battle in the Pacific, where U.S. forces decisively defeated the Japanese fleet, sinking four aircraft carriers. This victory shifted the balance of power in the Pacific in favor of the Allies.
   • Monument: The Battle of Midway Memorial at the Naval Air Station Midway Island honors this pivotal battle.

https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1942/midway.html

1. D-Day / Battle of Normandy (1944) – The Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France began on June 6, 1944 (D-Day), with American forces landing at Omaha and Utah Beaches. The battle marked the start of the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.
   • Monument: The Normandy American Cemetery in Colleville-sur-Mer, France, honors the American soldiers who fought and died during the Normandy landings.

https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/world-war-ii-d-day-invasion-normandy

1. Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945) – The last major German offensive on the Western Front, fought in the Ardennes. U.S. forces, particularly at Bastogne, played a critical role in repelling the German attack, which marked the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany.
   • Monument: The Mardasson Memorial near Bastogne, Belgium, commemorates the American soldiers who fought in the Battle of the Bulge.

https://www.wm.iwm.org.uk/history/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-the-bulge

1. Battle of Guadalcanal (1942-1943) – The first major Allied offensive in the Pacific, where U.S. Marines fought a grueling campaign to seize control of the strategic Solomon Islands from Japanese forces. This victory was crucial to stopping Japanese expansion.
   • Monument: The Guadalcanal American Memorial in the Solomon Islands honors those who fought in the campaign.

https://www.history.army.mil/brochures/72-8/72-8.html

1. Battle of Iwo Jima (1945) – A key battle in the Pacific, where U.S. Marines captured the heavily fortified island of Iwo Jima. The iconic image of Marines raising the American flag atop Mount Suribachi became a symbol of American resolve.
   • Monument: The Marine Corps War Memorial (Iwo Jima Memorial) in Arlington, Virginia, immortalizes the famous flag-raising on Iwo Jima.

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/iwo-jima-and-okinawa-death-japans-doorstep

1. Battle of Okinawa (1945) – The largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theater, where U.S. forces fought a brutal campaign to capture Okinawa, bringing them closer to Japan. This battle saw significant casualties on both sides and foreshadowed the potential cost of invading mainland Japan.
   • Monument: The Okinawa Peace Memorial Park honors all those who perished in the Battle of Okinawa.

https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1945/battle-of-okinawa/okinawa

1. Battle of Leyte Gulf (1944) – The largest naval battle of World War II, fought in the Philippines. U.S. forces decisively defeated the Japanese fleet, ensuring American control of the Philippines and cutting off Japan from vital resources.
   • Monument: The Leyte Landing Memorial in Palo, Philippines, commemorates General Douglas MacArthur’s return to the Philippines and the battle.

https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1944/battle-of-leyte-gulf.html

1. Invasion of Sicily (1943) – Operation Husky was a major Allied campaign where American and British forces successfully invaded Sicily, marking the beginning of the Italian Campaign and weakening Axis control over the Mediterranean.
   • Monument: The Sicily-Rome American Cemetery in Nettuno, Italy, honors American soldiers who fought in the Sicilian and Italian campaigns.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily

1. Battle of the Philippine Sea (1944) – A significant naval battle where U.S. forces destroyed much of the Japanese fleet’s remaining airpower. The battle is often referred to as the “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot” due to the heavy losses of Japanese aircraft.
   • Monument: The Pacific War Memorial on Corregidor Island commemorates the U.S. and Filipino forces who fought in the Pacific, including the Battle of the Philippine Sea.

https://history.com/this-day-in-history/united-states-scores-major-victory-against-japanese-in-battle-of-the-philippine-sea

1. Battle of Saipan (1944) – A key battle in the Mariana Islands, where U.S. forces secured the island of Saipan. This victory allowed the Allies to establish air bases within bombing range of Japan.
   • Monument: The American Memorial Park on Saipan honors the U.S. and indigenous forces who fought in the battle.

https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1944/saipan.html

1. Liberation of Dachau (1945) – U.S. forces liberated the Dachau concentration camp, exposing the world to the horrors of the Holocaust and marking a significant moment in the final days of World War II.
   • Monument: The Dachau Memorial Site in Germany preserves the memory of those who suffered and died in the camp, with exhibits and memorials dedicated to the liberation.

https://www.army.mil/article/235005/nys_42nd_infantry_division_liberated_dachau_75_years_ago

These battles and monuments reflect the crucial contributions of the U.S. military in both the European and Pacific theaters of World War II, highlighting key victories and the ultimate defeat of the Axis powers.